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Te Whai Iho KĀWEA HŌU i roto i te Hangarau Hōkeke Anuanuia
Te Whanaketanga o te Whakamahi i ngā Taputapu Hiko mō te Hanga
Kei te huri increasingly ngā kaihoko ki ngā kāwiri hiko ēnei rā, nā te mea ka whakahaere ratou i te reka, ā, kāore he hau māmā e puta mai ana, e kitea ai i ngā mīhini taraiwa tawhito. E whakaatu ana te pūrongo mākeke hōu o Ūropi ko te toru hauwhā o ngā kāwiri karuwha katoa ka hiko pea taua 2030. Kei te haere tere te tipunga nei, ina hoki he iti ake ngā takotoranga o ngā tauira hiko, ā, pai ake mō ngā mahi ki roto i ngā whare. Meitahi anō hoki he iti ake te hiko e hiahiatia ana i ngā taputapu hanga nui, nō reira ehara i te uaua te huringa ki te hiko. Anō hoki, nā te kore hau māmā e puta mai ana, ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakahaere i ēnei taputapu ki te haumā, tae atu ki ngā rūma raro, ki ngā wāhi tāwhai hau e rerekē ana te hau hōu.
Pēnei KĀWEA HŌU Whakanuia te Rangahau Mahi
Ka iti ake te wā e noho kore ai ngā taputapu hiko, nā te mea he iti ake te tiaki i te katoa. E 40 ōrau ngā wāhanga iti iho o ēnei mīhini i ō rātou hoa diesel, nō reira kāore he hiahia ki ngā pūnaha pūngao matatini, ki te mahi rānei ki ngā tukatuka hau. Ko te torque ohorere e whakaratohia ana e ēnei tauira hiko he mea nui ina neke nga rauemi huri noa i nga papa hanga taone nui. Ano hoki, kei te tuku ētahi kamupene i ngā teihana whakawhiti pūhiko e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te mahi tonu me te kore e tatari kia whakawhiwhia ngā pūhiko. E ai ki tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i te tau kua pahure ake nei, ko ngā kaimahi hanga i huri ki ngā uta hiko i oti ō rātou mahi i te 18% tere ake i mua. Ehara i te mea ko te tere anake te take, ko te iti o te haruru i pai ake ai te kōrero a ngā kaimahi i te wāhi, ā, ka iti ake ngā raruraru me te wā e ngaro ana.
Ko ngā kaupapa tāone e akiaki ana i te tono mō ngā mīhini kore-whakahāunga
Kua tīmata a London me Berlin ki ngā rohe kore-puta i rēwera, arā kaore ngā kaimahi hanga e taea te whakauru me ō rātou mīhini tawhiti tawhiti anō. He pai hoki? Ko ngā kāwiri inuaro e mahi ana i roto i ēnei tikanga marino, ā, he iti noa te raraunga, he iti ake i te 75 decibels. He nui tēnei ina mahi ana i te taha o ngā wāhi pērā i ngā kura kei hea ka paku te ririhau mō te raraunga. Anō hoki, kāore ēnei mīhini i te nui rawa. Ko te itinga o rātou e pai ana mō ngā wāhi iti i ngā rohe tāone kīato. E whakaae ana te rua tuatoru o ngā kaihoko Ōropi me te huinga inuaro mōu mā te whakauru inuaro mō ngā whakapai kāinga, ngā huarahi takitahi, me ngā parirau.
Ko te Whakamahi Raraunga Iti e Hāpai ai i te Haumaru me te Maru o te Wāhi Mahi
Ko te Iti ake i te Raraunga e Whakapai ai i te Whakawhitinga Kōrero me te Iti ake i ngā Tūraru
Ko ngā kāwiri hikoheka e rapu ana i te 65 dB, e tino iti ake nei i te nuinga o ngā parahiwhi whare, ā, ko ngā tauira taraiwa e neke ake ana i te 90 dB. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei taumata oro (e 25 ki te 35 dB) ka hoko he aha ki ngā wāhi hanga e hōmiromiro ana ngā tāngata kia karanga kia rongoa ai. Mā te iti ake oro māmuri, ka taea e ngā kaimahi te hoatu i ngā tohutohu mārie ake, me te urupare maroke ake ina tū ake ngā pikinga. E ai ki ngā tirohanga haumaru 2023 hou i runga i ētahi wāhi mahi, kua iti ake te 38% ngā hapa whakawhitinga kōrero i ēnei taiao māmari ake. Ko te iti ake i ngā whakamahinga hē, ko te whakahaungaro pai ake i te mutunga, nā te mea he nui ngā pikinga e hua mai ana i te kore whakarongo i te kupu e kōrerotia ana mō te whakamahi i ngā taputapu.
Te Putaiao kei te Tīmatanga o ngā Taputapu Hiko Māmari
Mā te kore hōhonu mōtuka, ka wehe ngā kāwhe tūmau hiko i ngā pūngao rūwhenua e rua: ngā motuka taraiwa tikanga (85–95 dB) me te whakapipi ake o ngā pampi hydrauhia (75–88 dB). Ko ngā motuka hiko mā te paraihe me ngā pūkete kikii kua whakarerekehia e 67% ngā maha o ngā putanga rū, he take matua ki te rūpahu. Ko ngā wae tapa kupenga ā-pūrere me ngā rūma kua pakaru i te rūpahu e teitei ake ana i te 8–12 dB(A).
Te Tutuki i ngā Ture Rūpahu Taone Māmā
Kua whakauruhia e Boston me Seattle ngā tepe aukati mō te rū hoki, e 78 desibela nek mina te wā i te rā mō ngā taputapu hanga. He nui ake te rū o ngā kaweira taraiwa tawhito, e 10 ki te 15 desibela ake i te whaitua awhina. Mā te titiro ki ngā rekita o te tāone, ka kitea he mea hou kei te pakaru ana pea ngā kaihoko ki ngā tauira hiko i ngā wāhi e nui ana te take ki te rū. Ka inihua ēnei kamupene i te toru hauwhā iti ake ngā whakaaro pīrangi mai i ngā kainoho e noho ana i te tātaramoa, i te haere tonu i ō rātou mahi ki te ihirangi. Me kaua hoki te wareware ki te moni. Ko te noho i roto i ēnei here rū hei whakaiti i ngā wehenga marama e taea ana te eke ki te tekau mā rima miriona, ina koa i raro i ngā ture pērā i te Ture Ā-Rohe 113 o Tāone Nū Ioka e mataara ana ki ēnei mea.
Te Whiwhi Painga i ngā Hōtaka i ngā Rohe Noho
Kua whakaaetia e te papaarangi 65 dB te whakamahi i ngā kāwiri hiko mai i te 7 AM ki te 8 PM i te nuinga o ngā kaunihera, ka roa ake ngā wā tūhura tāpiri 2–4 haora ia rā mō ngā taputapu hiko tēnei i ngā taputapu taraiwa. I ripoata ngā kaihoko ka mutu ngā kaupapa nohoanga 19% tere ake mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira hiko, nā te mea ka wāia ngā kaimahi i ngā wā takirua nohopuku i te ahiahi e noho ana i ngā hapori rite tonu ki te HOA.
Ko ngā Whatunga Kore hei Āwhina i ngā Kaihoko ki te Tutuki i ngā Paerewa Taiao
Kua noho he mea matua herekore ngā kāwiri hiko mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia arataki ki ngā tikanga taiao e pakari haere ana me ngā paerewa whanaketanga. Ko ngā kaupapa hanga tāone, āhuareka rawa atu mō te wāhi e noho ana i tētahi kura, hoki rānei, kei te tono ake anō pea i ngā taputapu kore whatunga kia iti ai ngā mōrearea oranga me te arataki ki ngā kaupapa whakakītoitanga ao.
Te Arataki ki ngā Tikanga Rangahau Hauwhenua Pērā I te CARB
Ko ngā paerewa hau parakore marino pērā i ngā tikanga CARB o Kaliponia me ngā ture whakaputanga o te EU i te Wāhanga V e tarai ana i te āhua. Ko te mea i hangaia e ēnei tikanga he aronga ki te para me ngā oksīta naitarōjini e puta mai ana i ngā mōhinī taratareka. A, ko ngā kirihou e kī ana mō ngā raru manawa a te tangata. Ka āhua nui ngā waihanga mō ngā kamupene ka mau ki te takahi i ēnei tikanga. Ko ngā kaiwhakarihariha e taea ana te utu i te rautau miriona kau pērā i ētahi raraunga hou mai i Valona Intelligence i te tau 2023. Inanahi atu, kei te puta haere ngā kaupapa herehere hou i Inia me Haina e tarai ana i ngā kamupene hanganga kia whakamahi i ngā taputapu hiko anō hoki. Kei te huri tonu te tauhokohoko i konei.
Āwhina i ngā Tiwhikete Hanga Kākāriki (hei tauira, LEED)
Ina te kōrero mō ngā whakaaetanga hangarau mātua pakihiwi pērā i te LEED me te BREEAM, ka taea e ngā kāwiri hiko te whakanui ake i te raihana o tētahi kaupapa nā te iti iho i ngā putanga whakamahere. Ka tuku anō ngā paerewa hangarau mātua pakihiwi kia ētahi atu pūmanawa mō te ara tūmataiti ake i te uara wera, ā, he mea ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hiko e taea ana te kawea mai i te 15 ōrau o ngā wāhitau whakaaetanga katoa e wātea ana. Mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te noho pakari, kāore anō pea te kawemai i ngā taputapu kore-putanga he pai mō te taiao anake. E mōhiotia ana e ētahi tari ā-rohe ināianei ngā tono mai i ngā kamupene e whakaatu ana i te herekenga matotoru ki te aronga ki te whakamāhorahora i ngā konohete takotoranga taugata, nō reira ka hiahia katoa ngā taputapu eco-friendly ki te rapu mahi i ētahi atamira.
Ngā Aronga Whānui o te Ao mō te Heke i te Carbon me te Hangarau Tūmau
E neke noa i te 1.1 ōrau o ngā whakaputanga CO2 katoa i te ao e hua mai ana i ngā taputapu hanga e ai ki ngā raraunga a Valona Intelligence i te tau ki muri. I aronga ai ētahi whenua pērā i Norwai ki te whakatakoto i ngā ture maru e here ana i ngā wāhi hanga kia kore rawa ngā whakaputanga ki te tau 2025. Nā, ka haere tonu ngā kāwanatanga ki te tātai kia kore pea ngā karboni, kei te kitea e mātou he whanaketanga nui kei te haere tino rapu i te hangarau riipoka mō ngā taputapu taumaha. Mā ēnei whanaketanga e taea ai ngā taputapu te mahi i ngā wā roa ake i waenganui i ngā uta, he mea pai nā mō ngā kamupene e ngana ana kia tutuki i Ō rātou whāinga taiao, ā, e whai ara ana i ngā ripoi ESG. Mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia mua ake i te ahunga, kāore e noho pono anō te urupare atu ki ngā hangarau kākāriki engari kei te tupu hei mea matua mō te hainatanga i ngā tāpoi e hiahia ana ngā kiritaki ki ngā tikanga whai painga.
KĀWEA HŌU Tukuna Ngā Tauine Mahi me ngā Hekenga Panonitanga Iti Ake
Te Utu Tūmataiti: Riipoka vs. Loader Horapa
Whakaatu ana ngā kāwiri hiko i te utu 28% iho ake mo te whai pono e rima tau ki te tārere i ngā tauira tararewa, ā, e ai ki ngā tātari o mua i te wā roa o ngā taputapu hanganga. Ka whanui ake tēnei hekenga ki ngā taone nona ngā utu tohatoha me ngā whiu mō ngā whakarae raru e pā atu ana ki ngā kāwiri tararewa.
Ko Ngā Wae Puna Iti Ake Te Whaitua Iti Ake I Te Tiaki
Ka whakahaere ngā kāwiri hiko katoa me te 50% iti ake i ngā wae puna mekameka i ngā tauira tararewa takotoria, ka whakaiti tino i ngā herekore hūmata me te wareware o ngā wae. I tētahi rangahau 2023 mō ngā kaitirotiro o ngā kāwiri, i kitea ko ngā tauira hiko i hiahiatia ai te 65% iti ake i ngā whakatika kore whakaritenga, ā, ko ngā utu tiaki tauwaru i te $1,200 ki te $3,400 mō ngā kāwiri tararewa.
Ngā Penetia Kī tonu: I Ripoata Ngā Kaitirotiro Kāwiri i te 40% Te Heke I Ngā Utu Ratonga
Ka puāwai ngā kaihoko $18,000–$24,000 ia mātini mō te tiaki me te hokohoko waka i roto i te toru tau. Mai i te wehenga o ngā utu parakirihana taraiwa ($2,100/ia wa) me ngā whakatikatika motori ($8,500+). Ko ngā tātari uara uara e whakaatu ana ko ngā tauira hiko ka riro i te 23 kWh ia haora mahi—e ōrite ana ki te $3.45/haora i ngā utu uara i te upoko o te $14.60/haora mō te karaihe taraiwa.
Te Uara Uara me ngā Rawa Huarahi e Piki Haere ana e Whakanui ake ana i te ROI
Kua piki ake ngā utu mō te taraiwa ā-whenua ki te ao i te 34% mai i te tau 2020, ā, ka hohoro te whakaroa i tēnei nama mō ngā kamupene hanga. Ko ngā kāwiri inuhi heoi anō e utu anō i a rātou i roto i ngā marama 18 ki te 26 ina tirohia anake ngā penihana kaukau. Ko te hangarau arataki whakarewa e mau ana mai i te 15% o te nergi i whakamahia ai i te wā e heke haere ana ngā ripa, e pai ake ai te mahi o ngā taputapu. Kua whiwhi hoki mātou i ētahi korero tino whakahirahira mai i ngā kaihoko – kaheka pea te utu mō te whakahaere ahuwhenua, e 89% te heke. CHe aha? Nā te mea, kāore ngā taputapu inuhi hiahiatia i aua punaha anti-idling e hiahiatia ana e ngā taputapu takotoranga i ngā wāhi e whai whakaritenga herehere huringa huringa. He mea whakaaro tonu ina whakarereketia ngā utu mahi roa-roa.
Wāhanga FAQ
He aha ngā vantex o te whakamahi kāwiri inuhi ki te hanga?
Ko ngā kāwiri hiko he nui ngā painga, tae atu ki ngā whakaputanga iti ake, ngā rereketanga iti ake i te reo, iti ake te tiaki, te piki ake o te mahi uaua, me te whai mōhio ki ngā tikanga matua mō te taiao, nā reira koia he mea tino pai mō ngā kaupapa hanga ā-tāone.
Me pēhea e āwhina ai ngā kāwiri hiko i te uaua o te wāhi mahi?
E iti ake te tiaki e hiahiatia ana e ngā kāwiri hiko nā te iti ake o ngā wāhanga e neke ana, e tuku torque tūmatata mō te whakahaere mātā, ā, e tuku whai reo māmā ake e pai ake ai te whakawhitinga kōrero i waenganui i ngā kaimahi, ā, ka pā ki te kati tere ake i te kaupapa.
He aha te pānga o ngā kāwiri hiko ki ngā tikanga ā-tāone mō te reo?
Ko ngā kāwiri hiko e hanga reo iti ake tino mā te mātātoko ki ngā kāwiri taraiwa, nā reira he pai mō ngā tāone e whakamahia ana ngā tikanga matua mō te reo, ā, e āwhina ana i ngā kaihoko kia kaua e weheka me te iti ake i ngā whakaaro kino mai i ngā kainoho.
He pai ki te taiao ngā kāwiri hiko?
Āe, he tino whai māia ngā kāwiri hiko ki te taiao nā te kore rawa atu ngā whakaputanga, ā, e āwhina ana i ngā kaihoko ki te tutuki i ngā paerewa taiao me te whiwhi whakapua taiao kia rite ki te LEED me te BREEAM.
He iti ake te utu whakahaere o ngā kāwiri hiko i ngā kāwiri taru?
Āe, he iti ake te utu whakahaere o ngā kāwiri hiko nā te iti ake te mōhiotia taru, iti ake ngā herekoreti tiaki, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me ngā waihanga ririhau, e tuku ana i ngā penapena roa-teraini mō ngā kaihoko.